The effect of poverty on healthcare-seeking behaviors among women in Sokoto State
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Background of the Study
Healthcare-seeking behavior is a critical determinant of health outcomes, particularly among women who face unique reproductive and general health challenges. In Sokoto State, poverty significantly shapes the decisions and practices related to seeking healthcare. Women in impoverished communities often encounter multifaceted barriers—including financial constraints, limited access to healthcare facilities, and cultural norms—that influence their ability to seek timely and appropriate medical care (Aliyu, 2023). Economic hardships may force women to prioritize household survival needs over personal health, leading to delayed treatment and poorer health outcomes.
Poverty affects not only the ability to afford healthcare services but also influences perceptions and attitudes toward health. Women from low-income households may lack sufficient knowledge about preventive health measures and the importance of early intervention for health issues. This is further compounded by inadequate health education and information dissemination in economically disadvantaged areas (Ibrahim, 2024). Additionally, the absence of affordable and accessible healthcare services in rural parts of Sokoto State exacerbates the problem, forcing women to rely on traditional remedies or self-medication practices that may not be effective.
Cultural factors also play a significant role in shaping healthcare-seeking behaviors. In some communities, societal norms and gender roles restrict women’s autonomy, thereby limiting their ability to make independent decisions regarding their health. When combined with the constraints of poverty, these cultural barriers contribute to a pattern of underutilization of formal healthcare services. The economic and social challenges faced by women in Sokoto State create a situation where even when services are available, the uptake remains low due to a lack of awareness, resources, and empowerment (Bello, 2023).
This study aims to investigate the effect of poverty on healthcare-seeking behaviors among women in Sokoto State. By using a mixed-methods approach—combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews—the research will explore the economic, social, and cultural factors that hinder women’s access to quality healthcare. The findings are expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the barriers to healthcare utilization and inform policy interventions aimed at improving access and reducing health disparities among women in impoverished communities (James, 2023).
Statement of the Problem
In Sokoto State, poverty remains a major barrier to effective healthcare-seeking behavior among women. The financial limitations imposed by low-income status hinder the ability of women to afford essential healthcare services, leading to delayed treatment and increased reliance on traditional or self-medication practices. These practices often result in suboptimal health outcomes and exacerbate the risk of complications, particularly in cases of reproductive and maternal health issues (Aliyu, 2023).
Furthermore, the low level of health literacy among impoverished women contributes to misconceptions about disease prevention and treatment. Cultural norms and gender dynamics further restrict women’s autonomy in making healthcare decisions, creating an environment where the utilization of formal health services is minimal. This lack of engagement with healthcare services not only perpetuates poor health outcomes but also reinforces the cycle of poverty, as women remain unable to participate fully in economic and social activities due to ill health (Ibrahim, 2024).
The problem is compounded by an inadequate healthcare infrastructure in rural areas of Sokoto State, where poverty is most pronounced. Limited availability of healthcare facilities, combined with high transportation costs, discourages women from seeking timely medical care. Despite ongoing initiatives to improve healthcare access, the underlying socio-economic and cultural barriers have not been adequately addressed, leaving a significant proportion of women without the necessary support to overcome these challenges (Bello, 2023).
This study seeks to address the critical gap in understanding the impact of poverty on healthcare-seeking behaviors among women in Sokoto State. By examining the multifaceted barriers—from financial constraints to cultural restrictions—the research will provide evidence-based insights to guide policy reforms and targeted interventions. Addressing these challenges is essential to empower women, improve health outcomes, and ultimately contribute to the socio-economic development of the region (James, 2023).
Objectives of the Study
- To assess how poverty influences healthcare-seeking behavior among women in Sokoto State.
- To identify socio-economic and cultural barriers that impede access to healthcare.
- To propose policy recommendations to improve healthcare utilization among impoverished women.
Research Questions
- How does poverty affect women’s decisions to seek healthcare in Sokoto State?
- What are the main cultural and economic barriers to accessing healthcare services?
- Which interventions can effectively enhance healthcare-seeking behavior among low-income women?
Research Hypotheses
- H1: Poverty significantly reduces the likelihood of women seeking formal healthcare services.
- H2: Cultural norms and low health literacy are major impediments to healthcare utilization among impoverished women.
- H3: Community-based health education programs will increase healthcare-seeking behavior among low-income women.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study focuses on women from rural and low-income urban areas in Sokoto State. Data will be obtained from structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Limitations include potential social desirability bias and regional variations in cultural practices.
Definitions of Terms
- Healthcare-Seeking Behavior: Actions taken by individuals to obtain medical care.
- Poverty: A state of insufficient financial resources to meet basic living needs.
Health Literacy: The ability to understand and use health information to make informed decisions.
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